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Math Vocabulary
Natural/Counting numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4… (Positive numbers starting with one)
Whole numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4…. (Positive numbers starting with zero)
Integers: ….-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …. (Positive and negative whole numbers)
Rational Numbers: includes integers, decimals, fractions, etc.
Irrational Numbers: square roots, pi, etc
Real Numbers: Combination of all above categories
Prime Numbers: The only factors are 1 and itself (EX. 7, 11, 13, 19...etc)
Composite Numbers: Have more than 2 factors (EX 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10....)
Polygon: Polygons are 2-dimensional shapes. They are made of straight lines, and the shape is "closed" (all the lines connect up).
Quadrilateral: a polygon with 4 sides
Rectangle: 2 sets of parallel lines, 4 right angles Area: length x width
Parallelogram: 2 sets of parallel lines Area: base x height (right angle to base)
Square: 4 equal sides, 4 right angles Area: length x width OR side * side OR side squared
Rhombus: 4 equal sides Area: base x height (right angle to base)
Trapezoid: 1 set of parallel lines Area = (b1 + b2) / height / 2 OR
Composite figures: figures are figures that are made up of other figures
Acute Angle: less than 90*
Obtuse Angle: greater than 90*
Right Angle: equal to 90*
Acute triangle: ALL angles are less than 90*
Obtuse triangle: Contains an obtuse angle
Right triangle: Contains a right angle
Equilateral Triangle: All angles/sides are equal (60* each)
Isosceles Triangle: 2 angles/sides are equal
Scalene Triangle: No angles/sides are the same
Hypotenuse: The side opposite a right angle. Used to calculate Pythagorean Theorem
Some great videos to watch!
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/pre-algebra/fractions-pre-alg/number-sets-pre-alg/v/number-sets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXHp_PhUT4g
Natural/Counting numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4… (Positive numbers starting with one)
Whole numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4…. (Positive numbers starting with zero)
Integers: ….-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …. (Positive and negative whole numbers)
Rational Numbers: includes integers, decimals, fractions, etc.
Irrational Numbers: square roots, pi, etc
Real Numbers: Combination of all above categories
Prime Numbers: The only factors are 1 and itself (EX. 7, 11, 13, 19...etc)
Composite Numbers: Have more than 2 factors (EX 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10....)
Polygon: Polygons are 2-dimensional shapes. They are made of straight lines, and the shape is "closed" (all the lines connect up).
Quadrilateral: a polygon with 4 sides
Rectangle: 2 sets of parallel lines, 4 right angles Area: length x width
Parallelogram: 2 sets of parallel lines Area: base x height (right angle to base)
Square: 4 equal sides, 4 right angles Area: length x width OR side * side OR side squared
Rhombus: 4 equal sides Area: base x height (right angle to base)
Trapezoid: 1 set of parallel lines Area = (b1 + b2) / height / 2 OR
Composite figures: figures are figures that are made up of other figures
Acute Angle: less than 90*
Obtuse Angle: greater than 90*
Right Angle: equal to 90*
Acute triangle: ALL angles are less than 90*
Obtuse triangle: Contains an obtuse angle
Right triangle: Contains a right angle
Equilateral Triangle: All angles/sides are equal (60* each)
Isosceles Triangle: 2 angles/sides are equal
Scalene Triangle: No angles/sides are the same
Hypotenuse: The side opposite a right angle. Used to calculate Pythagorean Theorem
Some great videos to watch!
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/pre-algebra/fractions-pre-alg/number-sets-pre-alg/v/number-sets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXHp_PhUT4g
Scoring rubric for Open-Ended Questions
20 - The response demonstrates a thorough understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task.
The response provides correct answer(s) with clear and complete mathematical procedures shown and a correct explanation, as require by the task.
Response may contain a minor "blemish" (e.g. missing $) or omission in work or explanation that does not detract from demonstrating a thorough
understanding
15 - The response demonstrates a general understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task.
The response and explanation (as required by the task) are mostly complete and correct. The response may have minor errors or omissions that do not
detract from demonstrating a general understanding.
10 - The response demonstrates a partial understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task.
The response is somewhat correct with partial understanding of the required mathematical concepts and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained.
The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear.
5 - The response demonstrates a minimal understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task.
0 - The response has no correct answer and insufficient evidence to demonstrate any understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task for that grade level. Response may show only information copied from the question.
20 - The response demonstrates a thorough understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task.
The response provides correct answer(s) with clear and complete mathematical procedures shown and a correct explanation, as require by the task.
Response may contain a minor "blemish" (e.g. missing $) or omission in work or explanation that does not detract from demonstrating a thorough
understanding
15 - The response demonstrates a general understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task.
The response and explanation (as required by the task) are mostly complete and correct. The response may have minor errors or omissions that do not
detract from demonstrating a general understanding.
10 - The response demonstrates a partial understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task.
The response is somewhat correct with partial understanding of the required mathematical concepts and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained.
The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear.
5 - The response demonstrates a minimal understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task.
0 - The response has no correct answer and insufficient evidence to demonstrate any understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures required by the task for that grade level. Response may show only information copied from the question.